Amelogenesis is the process of enamel formation, which starts with deposition of enamel matrix by ameloblasts, followed by mineralization of the matrix.
The initial differentiation, positioning and orientation of ameloblasts, as well as their coordinated functioning as a cohort, are also crucial to amelogenesis.
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Amelogenesis involves the secretion of a proteinaceous matrix
in which immature enamel HA crystallites are deposited. The
matrix is then degraded and concurrently replaced, almost
entirely, with HA mineral.
During the secretary
phase, the ameloblasts move away from the dentino-enamel
junction (DEJ), secreting a soft extracellular protein matrix by
exocytosis from cellular extensions (known as Tomes’ processes)
to fill the space they leave behind.
During the transition stage, which begins as the matrix achieves the thickness of the future enamel, matrix protein secretion decreases and the ameloblasts restructure.