The ability to access and remove a broken instrument will be influenced by the cross-sectional diameter, length and curvature of the canal, and further guided by the depth of external concavities.
The removal of an instrument fragment located in the apical third of the root canal is particularly complex, and attempts to do so can increase the risks of ledge formation, root perforation, and root fracture.
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The diameter and curvature of the canal, type of fractured instrument, and amount of potential damage to the remaining tooth structure should be considered when removing fragments from this location.
Dr. Allen Ali Nasseh discusses a clinical case and shares some ideas and techniques for avoiding file fractures and removal of separated.